RESEARCH

Dr. Goodall's Research

Dr. Jane Goodall is one of the world’s most renowned ethologists. She started studying chimps in the wild in 1960. The day when she set her foot in Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania is today celebrated as the World’s Chimp Day (14 July).

Jane was the first to carry out a long-term study on great apes in the wild. She documented chimpanzee behaviour by observing them on a daily basis for months at a time. This required the chimps getting used to her and ignoring her which took months.  Equipped with a notebook, pencil and a pair of binoculars, she noticed the complex community interactions and close bonds between individuals. Jane followed chimps, keeping a respectful distance, to watch their daily routines, how they feed, communicate, build a nest for the night and with whom they sleep. Many of these early discoveries are found in her book In the Shadow of Man. 

In the beginning she did most work by herself, typing and copying all collected data on her typewriter during evenings. As more funds became available, and after founding the Gombe Stream Research Center, students and visiting researchers from all over the world supported her.

Discoveries that led to a paradigm shift 

Jane’s discoveries challenged the conventional scientific ideas of the 1960s, and outraged the established science community, who did not view Jane as a proper scientist. Jane observed for the first time that chimps use tools, sticks, to extract termites from heaps. Until then humans were the only ones thought to make and use tools. Her observations led to a major paradigm shift. “We must redefine tool or redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as humans”, her mentor Louis Leakey noted. 

Today it is widely known that primates and other animals use and modify tools. Jane also discovered that chimps are omnivores, not herbivores, and occasionally hunt. 

Her other major contribution to science was to suggest that animals have feelings and emotions, and each one has a unique personality. Jane named the chimps instead of numbering them, further upsetting many senior scientists. Jane’s book ‘My Friends, the Wild Chimpanzees,’ (1967) caused even more outrage but turned out to be immensely popular with a general public. Her insights caused an ideological shift on how we should treat domestic animals, not as commodities but as sentient beings. Jane worked in Gombe until the late 80s, until conservation and awareness raising became her main mission.

Beyond research

Besides the purely zoological and ethological contributions to knowledge, Jane’s insights would also redefine what it means to be human. She links much of her field observations to human behaviour, and has opened up debates on what the roots of it are; how we can stand up to our status as ‘humans’ who have – although much evil is embedded in our DNA as also rudimentary observed in chimps – a tremendous potential for goodness. Much of this is written down in her book Reason for Hope, re-edited after 9/11, a spiritual journey. 

Jane has also been involved in zoological research on many species including monkeys, dolphins, vultures, and hyenas, as a co-author of peer reviewed papers and as a board member, honorary member, patron, trustee, etc., of many organizations (e.g., Ocean Elders, led by marine biologist Silvia Earle, advocating the repatriation of all cetaceans in tanks and in zoos to the ocean). 

Besides Jane’s tremendous impact on our knowledge on chimpanzee and great ape behaviour, she prefers to call herself a ‘naturalist’ rather than a scientist. Since the 1980s she has been campaigning worldwide, giving public lectures and speaking to leaders to raise awareness on the importance of restoration of nature and protections of animals and biodiversity for the future of all life on the planet. 

Her recent publications

As a child, Jane’s dream was “going to Africa, live with animals, … and write books about them”. The last part is the least talked about, but she proved being a brilliant writer and storyteller. All her books are written in fluent yet simple prose with subtle British humor, and a good balance between scientific rigor, personal views and thoughts and of course, oozing with compassion towards both people and animals. There are also countless children’s books by and about Jane, and about the causes that she supports.

The Book of Hope

Pangolina

The Jane Effect

The Chimpanzee Children of Gombe